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The Relationship between Tobacco Price Rises and Willingness to Quit Smoking among University Students.
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Wook jin Lee, Seung jun Lee, Jae rang Lee, Jung myung Lee, Joo hyoung Lee, Eun choel Park, hoo yeon Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2003;25(2):76-83.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
The smoking rate of adult male is 68.2% in Korea and that of adolescent and women has risen recently.
Ministry of Health and Welfare plans to raise the price of cigarettes by 1,000 Won per pack this year in hopes of securing funds to aid the underprivileged and discourage excessive smoking. In this study, we tried to find the relationship between tobacco price increase and willingness to quit smoking among university students, and the factors associated with willingness to quit smoking.METHOD The data were collected by questionnaire survey from 225 university students living in Seoul. The questionnaire contained items on age, sex, smoking history, economical status and the intention to quit smoking when the tobacco price be raised.RESULT The proportion of smokers who has the intention to quit smoking if the price of tobacco be raised by 3,000 Won was 46.2%. The factors associated with willingness to quit smoking were age of initiating smoking, opinion for price of cigarette, self efficacy scores, current plans to quit smoking, and viewpoint of changes in the rate of smokers.CONCLUSION The results showed that tobacco price rises will increase willingness to quit smoking among university students.
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A study on Statistical Method for Controlling the Effect of Intermediate Events: Application to the Control of the Healthy Worker Effect.
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Chung Mo Nam, Jinheum Kim, Dae Ryong Kang, Yeon Soon Ahn, Hoo Yeon Lee, Dae Hee Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2002;24(1):7-16.
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PURPOSE
The healthy worker effect is an important issue in occupational epidemiology. This study was conducted to propose a new method to test the relation between exposure and mortality in the presence of the healthy worker effect.METHODS In this study, the healthy worker hire effect was assumed to operate as a confounding variable of health status at the beginning of employment and healthy worker survival effect as a confounding and intermediate variable of employment status. In addition, the proposed method reflects the length bias sampling caused by changing of an employment status. Simulation studies were also carried out to compare the proposed method with Cox's time dependent covariates models .RESULTS The theoretical development of the healthy worker survival effect is based on the result that an observation with change of an employment status requires that the survival time without intermediate event exceeds the waiting time for the intermediate event. According to our simulation studies, both the proposed method and Cox's time dependent covariates model which includes the change of employment status as time dependent covariates seem to be satisfactory at 5% significance level. However, Cox's time dependent covariates models without or with the change of employment status as time fixed covariate are unsatisfactory. The proposed test is superior in power to tests based on Cox's model.CONCLUSIONS The healthy worker effect may not be controlled by classical Cox's proportional hazards models. The proposed method performed well in the presence of healthy worker effect in terms of level and power
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